Writing analytically / David Rosenwasser, Jill Stephen.
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Ft. Worth :
Harcourt College Publishers,
[2000]
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| Edition: | Second edition. |
| Subjects: |
Table of Contents:
- Part I. Making Meaning: Essential Skills
- 1. Habits of Mind: Getting Ready to Have Ideas
- Counterproductive Habits of Mind
- Banking
- Generalizing
- Judging
- Debate-Style Argument
- Either /Or Thinking (Binaries)
- Personalizing (Locating the "I")
- Opinions (vs
- Ideas)
- What It Means to Have an Idea
- Analysis and Creativity
- 2. Noticing: Learning to Observe
- Notice and Focus (Ranking)
- The Method
- The Steps of The Method: Making Observation Systematic and Habitual
- Rationale for The Method: Looking for Pattern
- Anomaly
- Using The Method: An Example
- Thinking Recursively: Refocusing Binaries
- Prerequisites to Getting Smarter
- 3. Interpreting: Asking "So What?" Prompts: "Interesting" and "Strange". Pushing Observations to Conclusions: Asking "So What?" Moving From Description to Interpretation: An Example
- Where Do Meanings Come From? The Limits on Interpretation
- Multiple Meanings and Interpretive Contexts
- Intentionality as an Interpretive Context
- Hidden Meanings: What "Reading Between the Lines" Really Means
- The Fortune Cookie School of Interpretation vs
- The Anything Goes School
- Implication and Inference: Hidden or Not? Seems to Be About X but
- 4. Reading: How to Do It & What to Do With It
- How to Read: Words Matter
- Becoming Conversant versus "Reading for the Gist". Paraphrase X
- 3. Summary
- Strategies for Making Summaries More Analytical
- Passage-Based Focused Freewriting
- What to Do with the Reading: Avoiding the Matching Exercise
- Applying a Reading as a Lens
- Comparing and Contrasting One Reading with Another
- Uncovering the Assumptions in a Reading
- Procedure for Uncovering Assumptions
- ASample Essay: Having Ideas by Uncovering Assumptions
- Part II. Writing the Thesis-Driven Paper
- 5. Linking Evidence and Claims: 10 on 1 vs 1 on
- 10. Developing a Thesis Is More Than Repeating an Idea ("1 on 10")
- What's Wrong with Five-Paragraph Form? An Alternative to Five-Paragraph Form: the All-Purpose Organizational Scheme
- Linking Evidence and Claims
- Unsubstantiated Claims
- Pointless Evidence
- Analyzing Evidence in Depth: "10 on 1". Pan, Track, and Zoom: The Film Analogy
- Demonstrating the Representativeness of Your Example
- 10. On 1 and Disciplinary Conventions
- 6. The Evolving Thesis
- Making the Thesis Evolve
- The Reciprocal Relationship between Thesis and Evidence: The Thesis as Camera Lens
- Procedure for Making the Thesis Evolve through Successive Complications
- Locating the Evolving Thesis in the Final Draft
- Placing the Thesis in the Final Draft
- The Evolving Thesis and Common Thought Patterns: Deduction and Induction
- The Evolving Thesis as Hypothesis and Conclusion in the Natural and Social Sciences
- The Evolving Thesis and Introductory and Concluding Paragraphs
- Putting It All Together
- Description to Analysis: the Exploratory Draft
- Interpretive Leaps and Complicating Evidence
- Revising the Exploratory Draft
- Testing the Adequacy of the Thesis
- Guidelines for Finding and Developing a Thesis
- 7. Recognizing and Fixing Weak Thesis Statements
- Five Kinds of Weak Theses and How to Fix Them
- Weak Thesis Type 1: The Thesis Makes No Claim
- Weak Thesis Type 2: The Thesis Is Obviously True or Is a Statement of Fact
- Weak Thesis Type 3: The Thesis Restates Conventional Wisdom
- Weak Thesis Type 4: The Thesis Offers Personal Conviction as the Basis for the Claim
- Weak Thesis Type 5: The Thesis Makes an Overly Broad Claim
- How to Rephrase Thesis Statements: Specify and Subordinate
- Another Note on the Phrasing of Thesis Statements: Questions
- Common Logical Errors in Constructing a Thesis
- 8. Writing the Researched Paper
- What to Do with Secondary Sources
- The Conversation Analogy
- Six Strategies for Analyzing Sources
- Strategy 1: Make Your Sources Speak
- Strategy 2: Use Your Sources to Ask Questions, Not Just to Provide Answers
- Strategy 3: Put Your Sources into Conversation with One Another
- Strategy 4: Find Your Own Role in the Conversation
- Strategy 5: Supply Ongoing Analysis of Sources (Don't Wait Until the End)
- Strategy 6: Attend Carefully to the Language of Your Sources by Quoting or Paraphrasing It
- Making the Research Paper More Analytical: A Sample Essay
- Strategies for Writing and Revising Research Papers
- An Analytical Research Paper: a Good Example
- Guidelines for Writing the Researched Paper
- 9. Finding and Citing Sources
- Getting Started
- Electronic Research: Locating Scholarly Information
- Understanding Domain Names
- Print Corollaries
- For Subscribers Only
- Directories Before Search Engines
- Asking the Right Questions
- Bibliographic Research
- Popular Press
- Tuning in to Your Environment
- Quick Tips
- Citation Guides on the Web
- Seven Steps to Successful Research
- Plagiarism and the Logic of Citation
- Why Does Plagiarism Matter? Frequently Asked Questions About Plagiarism
- How to Cite Sources
- How to Integrate Quotations into Your Paper
- How to Prepare an Abstract
- Paper Assignment: A Research Sequence
- Part III. Matters of Form
- 10. Introductions and Conclusions
- The Function of Introductions
- Putting an Issue or Question in Context
- Using Procedural Openings
- How Much to Introduce Up Front
- Typical Problems That Are Symptoms of Doing Too Much
- Opening Gambits: Five Good Ways to Begin
- Gambit 1: Challenge a Commonly Held View
- Gambit 2: Begin with a Definition
- Gambit 3: Offer a Working Hypothesis
- Gambit 4: Lead with Your Second-Best Example
- Gambit 5: Exemplify the Topic with a Narrative
- The Function of Conclusions
- Judgment
- Culmination
- Send-Off
- Ways of Concluding
- Three Strategies for Writing Effective Conclusions
- Solving Typical Problems in Conclusions
- Redundancy
- Raising a Totally New Point
- Overstatement
- Anticlimax
- Scientific Format: Introductions and Conclusions
- Introductions of Reports in the Sciences
- Discussion
- Section s. Of Reports in the Sciences
- 11. Forms and Formats
- The Two Functions of Formats: Product and Process
- Using Formats Heuristically: An Example
- Formats in the Natural and Social Sciences
- The Psychology of Form
- How to Locate Concessions and Refutations
- Organizing Comparisons and Contrasts
- Climactic Order
- How Thesis Shapes Predict the Shape of the Paper
- The Shaping Force of Transitions
- 12. Style: Choosing Words
- Not Just Icing on the Cake
- Tone
- Levels of Style: Who's Writing to Whom, and Why Does It Matter? The Person Question
- The First-Person I: Pro and Con
- The Second-Person You and the Imperative Mood
- Shades of Meaning: Choosing the Best Word
- What's Bad about Good and Bad (and Other Broad, Judgmental Terms)
- Concrete and Abstract Diction
- Latinate Diction
- Using and Avoiding Jargon
- The Politics and Language
- 13. Style: Shaping Sentences (and Cutting the Fat)
- How to Recognize the Four Basic Sentence Shapes
- The Simple Sentence
- The Compound Sentence
- The Complex Sentence
- The Compound-Complex Sentence
- Coordination, Subordination, and Emphasis
- Coordination
- Reversing the Order of Coordinate Clauses
- Subordination
- Reversing Main and Subordinate Clauses
- Parallel Structure
- Adding Shapes to the Main Clause: Periodic and Cumulative Sentences
- The Periodic Sentence: Snapping Shut
- The Cumulative Sentence: Starting Fast
- Cutting the Fat
- Expletive Constructions
- Static (Intransitive) vs Active (Transitive) Verbs: To Be or Not to Be
- Active and Passive Voices: Doing and Being Done To Experiment!
- 14. Nine Basic Writing Errors and How to Fix Them
- Why Correctness Matters
- The Concept of Basic Writing Errors (BWEs)
- What Punctuation Marks Say: A Quick-Hit Guide
- Nine Basic Writing Errors and How to Fix Them
- BWE 1: Sentence Fragments
- A Note on Dashes and Colons
- BWE 2: Comma Splices and Fused (or Run-On) Sentences
- BWE 3: Errors in Subject-Verb Agreement
- A Note on Nonstandard English
- BWE 4: Shifts in Sentence Structure (Faulty Predication)
- BWE 5: Errors in Pronoun Reference
- A Note on Sexism and Pronoun Usage
- BWE 6: Misplaced Modifiers and Dangling Participles
- BWE 7: Errors in Using Possessive Apostrophes
- BWE 8: Comma Errors
- BWE 9: Spelling /Diction Errors That Interfere with Meaning
- Glossary of Grammatical Terms.