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Defamation law : a primer / by Raymond E. Brown.

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Brown, Raymond E., 1935- (Author)
Format:	Book
Language:	English
Published:	Toronto, Ontario : Carswell, [2013].
Edition:	Second edition.
Subjects:	Libel and slander > Canada

Table of Contents:

Part 1. The Action :
1. Introduction
2. The Distinction Between Libel and Slander
3. The Action for Defamation and Its Defence
4. What is Defamatory?
5. Defamatory Sense and Meaning
6. Identification
7. Publication
8. The Parties
Part 2. The Defences :
9. Introduction to Defences
10. Justification
11. Consent
12. Absolute Privilege
13. Qualified Privilege
14. Protected Reports
15. Fair Comment
16. Malice
Part 3. The Remedy :
17. Damages
18. Injunctions
Part 4. American Constitutional Developments :
19. New York Times and the Common Law of Defamation
Part 5. Conclusion :
20. Reflections and Proposals
Part 1. THE ACTION
Chapter 1. Introduction
Chapter 2. The Distinction Between Libel and Slander
1. History
2. Distinguishing Libel and Slander
3. Legal Effect of the Distinction
4. Slander Actionable Per Se
(1) Imputations Affecting Business, Office, Job and Profession
(2) Imputations of Criminal Offence
(3) Imputations of a Contagious or Loathsome Disease
(4) Imputing Unchastity to a Woman
5. Slander Actionable by Way of Special Damages
Chapter 3. The Action for Defamation and Its Defence
Chapter 4. What is Defamatory?
1. Defamation Defined
2. Character of the Defamatory Imputation
3. Manner and Form of the Defamatory Imputation
Chapter 5. Defamatory Sense and Meaning
1. Rules of Construction
2. Changing Community Values
3. Context and Circumstances
4. Reasonable Person Test
5. Intent, Understanding and Belief
6. The Innuendo
7. Special Problems of Defamatory Meaning
(1) Newspapers and Magazines
(2) Television, Radio and Motion Pictures
(3) Books
(4) Internet
Chapter 6. Identification
1. Introduction
2. Test for Identification
3. Intent
4. Works of Fiction
5. Identification Within a Group or Class
Chapter 7. Publication
1. Introduction
2. Liability for Republication by Others
(1) General Rule
(2) Express or Implied Authority to Republish
(3) Moral, Legal or Social Duty to Republish
(4) Republication as a Natural and Probable Consequence
3. Liability for Publication by the Plaintiff
4. Liability of Secondary Publisher for Repetition of Defamatory Statements
5. Place of Publication
6. Special Rules of Publication
(1) Publication Through the Mail and by Fax
(2) Publication to a Clerk or Secretary
(3) Publication in a Will
(4) Communications Within a Company or Corporation
(5) Communications Media
(a) Common Law Rule
(b) The United States Single Publication Rule
(c) Canada and Other Common Law Countries
(d) Liability and the Innocent Dissemination Rule
(6) Internet Publications
Chapter 8. The Parties
1. Introduction
2. Plaintiffs
(1) Individuals
(2) Trading Corporations
(3) Non-Trading Corporations
(4) Unincorporated Associations and Partnerships
(5) Governmental Bodies
(6) Religious Institutions and Ecclesiastical Disputes
3. Defendants
(1) Corporations
(2) Unincorporated Associations
(3) Partnerships
(4) Governmental Entities
(5) Vicarious Liability
4. Collective Agreement Regimes
Part 2. THE DEFENCES
Chapter 9. Introduction to Defences
Chapter 10. Justification
1. Introduction
2. Belief, Intention and the Repetition Rule
3. Test for Justification
4. Justifying Part of a Defamation
5. Justifying a Meaning Different from that Pleaded by Plaintiff
6. Burden of Proof
Chapter 11. Consent
1. Introduction
2. Nature of the Consent
Chapter 12. Absolute Privilege
1. Introduction
2. Executive Officers
3. Parliamentary Privilege
4. Judicial Proceedings
(1) Introduction
(2) Judicial Attributes
(3) Persons to Whom the Privilege Extends
(a) Immunity of Judges
(b) Immunity of Parties
(c) Immunity of Counsel
(d) Immunity of Witnesses
(e) Immunity of Jurors
(4) Scope of the Privilege
(a) Generally
(b) Proceedings in Court
(c) Proceedings Outside of Court
(d) Documents and Material Filed with or Preparedfor the Court
(e) Documents and Material Issued by the Court
(f) Conferences and Interviews
(g) Actions in Contemplation of Litigation
(h) Information Given to Initiate Legal Proceedings
(i) Information Given to Investigative Bodies
(j) Communications Outside the Privilege
Chapter 13. Qualified Privilege
1. Introduction
2. Classification of Privileges
(1) Generally
(2) Protecting Personal and Private Interests
(3) Protecting Another's Interest
(4) Protecting Common Interests
(5) Protecting the Public Interest
3. Special Privilege for Political and Governmental Speech
(1) Introduction
(2) The Australian Privilege
(3) The New Zealand Privilege
(4) The English Privilege
(5) The South African Privilege
(6) The Canadian Privilege
(7) Assessment of the Privileges
Chapter 14. Protected Reports
1. Introduction
2. Report of Judicial Proceedings
(1) Introduction
(2) Fairness and Accuracy
(a) Generally
(b) Accuracy
(c) Fairness
(3) Abridgments, Abstracts and Summaries
(4) Proceedings in Court
(a) Nature of Proceedings
(b) Matters Protected
(c) Public Nature of Proceedings
(d) Pleadings, Documents and Exhibits
(5) Supplementary Statutory Judicial Report Privilege
(a) Generally
(b) Contemporaneous Report
(c) Statements of Contradiction or Explanation
3. Report of Legislative Proceedings
4. Report of Public Documents
5. Report of Governmental Bodies
6. Report of Public Meetings
7. Other Reports Protected by Statute
8. Reportage Privilege
Chapter 15. Fair Comment
1. Introduction
2. What is Comment?
3. Identifying the Facts
4. Fairness
5. Matters of Public Interest
6. Malice
7. Evaluation of the Defence of Fair Comment
Chapter 16. Malice
1. Introduction
2. What is Malice?
(1) State of Mind
(2) Honest Belief
(3) Knowing Falsity
(4) Recklessness
(5) Negligence
3. Evidence of Malice
(1) Introduction
(2) Intrinsic Evidence
(3) Extrinsic Evidence
4. Imputing Malice in Joint Torts
Part 3. THE REMEDY
Chapter 17. Damages
1. Introduction
2. Compensatory Damages
3. Aggravated Damages
4. Aggravating Circumstances
(1) Introduction
(2) Conduct and Motive of the Defendant
(3) Republication or Repetition of Defamation
(4) Publication of Additional Defamations
(5) Absence of Apology or Retraction
(6) Defendant's Influence and Standing in Community
(7) Plaintiff's Good Reputation
(8) Nature of the Defamation
(9) Manner and Extent of Publication
5. Mitigating Circumstances
(1) Introduction
(2) Apology and Retraction
(3) Provocation
(4) Plaintiff's Bad Reputation
(5) Partial Truth
(6) Innocent Intent and Motive
(7) Previous or Contemporaneous Publications by Others
(8) Defendant's Character, Conduct and Condition
(9) Miscellaneous Matters in Mitigation
6. Punitive Damages
(1) Introduction
(2) Basis of Award
(3) Multiple Defendants
7. Nominal and Contemptuous Damages
8. Appellate Review of Damage Awards
(1) Compensatory Damages
(2) Punitive Damages
Chapter 18. Injunctions
1. Introduction
2. Test for Issuance of Interlocutory Injunction
Part 4. AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENTS
Chapter 19. New York Times and the Common Law of Defamation
1. Introduction
2. Historical Development
3. Public Officials
4. Public Figures
(1) Introduction
(2) All Purpose Public Figure
(3) Limited Purpose Public Figure
(a) Introduction
(b) Voluntariness
(c) Nature of the Public Controversy
(d) Matters of Public Controversy
(e) Scope of Criticism
5. Constitutional Actual Malice
(1) Actual Malice Defined
(2) Factors in Determining the Existence of Actual Malice
(a) Introduction
(b) Investigation and Verification
(c) Reliability of Informants and Sources
(d) Objectivity of Report
(e) Publication in the Face of Denial
(f) Failure to Protect Against Defamation
(g) Frame of Mind of Publisher
(h) Retraction and Correction
(i) Malice from Language of Publication
(j) Constitutional Burden of Proof
(3) Vicarious Liability for Actual Malice
(4) Inquiries into the Editorial Process and Confidential Sources
6. The Communications Media as a Defendant
(1) Introduction
(2) Standard of Care of Media Publishers and Broadcasters
(3) Who is a Publisher or Broadcaster
(4) Privilege of Neutral Reporting
(5) Media Damages
7. Private Plaintiffs and Non-Media Defendants
(1) Introduction
(2) Common Law Strict Liability
(3) Negligence Standard
(4) Standard of Actual Malice
8. Matters of Public Interest and Concern
9. Expressions of Opinion
(1) Introduction
(2) Justification of the Rule
(3) Scope of the Protection
(4) Distinguishing Between Fact and Opinion
(5) Identifying the Tests
(6) Miscellaneous Factors Distinguishing Fact from Opinion
(a) Generally
(b) Medium of Publication
(c) Nature of Expression
(d) Character of Publisher
(e) Nature of the Audience
(f) Rhetorical Hyperbole
(g) Cautionary Language
(h) Verifiability
(i) Precision of Meaning
10. Constitutional Appellate Review
11. Summary Judgment Proceedings
12. Impact on the Common Law of Defamation
Part 5. CONCLUSION
Chapter 20. Reflections and Proposals
1. Reflections
2. Proposals
(1) Rule of Strict Liability
(2) Definition of Malice
(3) Expressions of Opinion
3. Conclusion.

Defamation law : a primer / by Raymond E. Brown.

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