Tort Law in the United States.
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Ebook |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Alphen aan den Rijn :
Wolters Kluwer Law International,
2023.
|
| Edition: | 4th ed. |
| Online Access: | Click here to view this book |
Table of Contents:
- Cover
- Half Title
- Title
- Copyright
- The Author
- Table of Contents
- List of Abbreviation
- General Introduction
- 1. THE GENERAL BACKGROUND OF THE COUNTRY
- I. Geography1
- II. History2
- III. Political System
- IV. Economic and Social Values38
- 2. LEGAL SYSTEMS
- I. Primacy of Legislation and Codification39
- II. Position of the Judiciary
- III. Distinction Between Public and Private Law59
- IV. Sources of Private Law in General and of Tort Law in Particular
- V. Law Used in This Monograph
- 3. FUNCTION OF THE LAW OF TORTS
- I. Compensation
- II. Deterrence
- III. Punishment
- 4. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TORT AND CRIMINAL LAW
- I. Public Versus Private Wrongs
- II. Differences in Punishments and Punishment Purposes
- 5. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONTRACTUAL AND DELICTUAL OR TORTIOUS RESPONSIBILITY
- I. Statutory Distinctions: La Regle de Non Cumul
- II. Differences in Burdens of Proof
- III. Differences in Remedies
- 6. PROTECTED INTERESTS
- I. Life and Health
- II. Liberty and Bodily Integrity
- III. Property and Economic Loss
- IV. Reputation and Privacy
- Part I. Liability for One's Own Acts
- CHAPTER 1. General Principles
- 1. UNLAWFULNESS AND FAULT
- I. Intent
- II. Negligence (Fault)
- III. Strict Liability
- 2. CONCEPT OF FAULT
- 3. DUTY OF CARE
- I. General Standard: Reasonably Prudent Person
- A. Overview
- B. Malfeasance Versus Nonfeasance
- C. Who Owes a Duty of Care (Foreseeability)
- D. Duty to Rescue
- E. Duty to Control and to Protect
- II. Statutory Standard
- A. Statutory Violation
- B. Negligence Per Se
- III. Landowners and Possessors
- 4. CAPACITY (INFANTS, MINORS, OTHER INCOMPETENTS)
- I. Intentional Torts
- II. Negligence
- A. Physical Impairments
- B. Mental Impairments
- C. Children
- III. Strict Liability
- 5. INTENT
- I. General.
- II. Substantial Certainty
- III. Transferred Intent
- IV. Mistake
- CHAPTER 2. Specific Cases of Liability
- 1. LIABILITY OF PROFESSIONALS
- I. In General: Standard of Care for "Experts"
- II. Medical Practitioners
- A. Medical Malpractice
- B. Informed Consent
- III. Legal Practitioners
- IV. Builders and Architects
- V. Others
- 2. LIABILITY OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES (GOVERNMENTAL LIABILITY)
- I. Federal Government
- A. Overview
- B. Federal Tort Claims Act
- II. State Governments
- III. Local Governments
- 3. ABUSE OF RIGHTS (CIVIL RIGHTS)
- 4. INJURY TO REPUTATION AND PRIVACY
- I. Defamation
- A. Overview
- B. Common-Law Defamation
- 1. Elements
- 2. Damages
- 3. Defenses
- 4. United States Constitutional Constraints
- II. Invasion of Privacy
- A. Overview
- B. Intrusion into Seclusion
- C. Appropriation of Name or Likeness, and the Right of Publicity
- D. False Light
- E. Public Disclosure of Private Facts
- 5. INTERFERENCE WITH CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS
- 6. BATTERY
- 7. ASSAULT
- 8. FALSE IMPRISONMENT
- I. Overview
- II. Bounded Area
- III. Means of Confinement or Restraint
- IV. Improper Assertion of Legal Authority (False Arrest)
- V. Consciousness of Confinement
- VI. No Minimum Time
- VII. Transferred Intent
- 9. INTERFERENCE WITH PROPERTY INTERESTS
- I. Real Property
- A. Trespass to Realty
- B. Waste
- II. Personal Property
- A. Trespass to Chattels
- B. Conversion
- C. Power to Transfer Goods228
- 10. NEGLIGENCE
- I. Overview
- II. Duty and the Standard of Care
- A. Emergency
- B. Physical Conditions
- C. Mental Conditions
- D. Effect of Superior Abilities, Skill, or Knowledge
- E. Effect of Minority
- III. Unreasonableness (Breach of Duty)
- A. Overview
- B. Res Ipsa Loquitur
- IV. Injury or Harm
- 11. EMOTIONAL HARM
- I. Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress.
- II. Negligent Infliction of Emotional Distress
- 12. PRE-NATAL HARM
- I. Overview
- II. Wrongful Conception
- III. Wrongful Birth
- 13. THIRD-PARTY CLAIMS: LOSS OF CONSORTIUM
- 14. TORTIOUS LITIGATION
- I. Malicious Prosecution and Malicious Institution of Civil Proceedings
- II. Abuse of Process
- 15. ALIENATION OF AFFECTIONS
- 16. SPOLIATION OF EVIDENCE
- 17. TORTIOUS INTERFERENCE WITH INHERITANCE
- 18. INTERFERENCE WITH DEAD BODIES
- CHAPTER 3. Business Torts
- 1. FRAUDULENT MISREPRESENTATION
- 2. NEGLIGENT MISREPRESENTATION
- 3. INTENTIONAL INTERFERENCE WITH CONTRACT AND INTENTIONAL INTERFERENCE WITH PROSPECTIVE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY
- 4. TORTIOUS BREACH OF THE COVENANT OF GOOD FAITH AND FAIR DEALING
- 5. BREACH OF FIDUCIARY DUTY
- 6. ECONOMIC LOSS RULE
- 7. INJURIOUS FALSEHOOD
- 8. PRIMA FACIE TORT
- 9. UNFAIR TRADE PRACTICES
- I. Federal
- II. State
- Part II. Liability for Acts of Others
- CHAPTER 1. Vicarious Liability
- 1. EMPLOYEE/EMPLOYER
- 2. INDEPENDENT CONTRACTORS
- 3. LIABILITY OF LEGAL ENTITIES FOR ACTS OF THEIR ORGANS
- 4. VOLUNTEERS
- CHAPTER 2. Liability of Parents, Teachers and Instructors (for Children, Minors, and Students)
- CHAPTER 3. Liability for Things and Animals
- 1. LIVESTOCK
- 2. DOMESTIC ANIMALS
- 3. WILD ANIMALS
- 4. DEFENSES
- 5. LIABILITY OF A THING
- Part III. Forms of Strict Liability
- CHAPTER 1. Road and Traffic Accidents
- CHAPTER 2. Products Liability
- 1. OVERVIEW
- 2. DEFECTIVE PRODUCT
- I. Three Types of Defects
- II. Obvious Dangers
- III. Causation (Unforeseeable Misuse)
- IV. Persons to Be Warned
- A. Allergic or Idiosyncratic User
- B. Professional User
- C. Post-sale Duty to Warn
- 3. CAUSES OF ACTION
- I. Strict Liability
- A. Establishing a Defect
- B. Establishing Unreasonable Danger
- C. Status of Seller.
- 1. Retailers and Wholesalers
- 2. Sellers of Used Products
- 3. Lessors
- D. Defenses
- II. Negligence
- III. Warranty
- A. Overview
- B. Express Warranty
- C. Implied Warranty of Merchantability
- D. Implied Warranty of Fitness for Particular Purpose
- E. Warranty Disclaimers
- F. Notice
- IV. Misrepresentation
- CHAPTER 3. Liability for Service
- CHAPTER 4. Environmental Liability
- 1. NUISANCE
- 2. ENVIRONMENTAL AND ZONING LAWS
- CHAPTER 5. Others
- 1. ABNORMALLY DANGEROUS ACTIVITIES
- Part IV. Defenses and Exception Clauses
- CHAPTER 1. Limitation of Action (Suspension and Interruption)
- CHAPTER 2. Grounds of Justification for Intentional Torts
- 1. CONSENT
- 2. NECESSITY
- 3. SELF-DEFENSE
- 4. DEFENSE OF OTHERS
- 5. DEFENSE AND RECOVERY OF PROPERTY
- 6. AUTOMATISM
- 7. BRAINWASHING
- CHAPTER 3. Contributory Fault
- 1. CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE
- 2. ASSUMPTION OF THE RISK
- 3. COMPARATIVE NEGLIGENCE
- I. Pure Comparative Negligence
- II. Modified Comparative Negligence
- CHAPTER 4. Exemptions
- 1. IMMUNITIES
- I. Overview
- II. Charitable Immunity
- III. Spousal Immunity
- IV. Parent-Child Immunity
- V. Governmental Immunity
- 2. FIREFIGHTER'S RULE (PROFESSIONAL RISK TAKERS)
- Part V. Causation
- 1. ACTUAL CAUSE
- 2. PROXIMATE OR LEGAL CAUSE
- I. Overview
- II. Proximate Cause Test: Foreseeability Standard
- 3. MULTIPLE TORTFEASORS
- Part VI. Remedies
- CHAPTER 1. General Principles
- CHAPTER 2. Kinds of Damages
- 1. INDIVIDUAL AND COLLECTIVE DAMAGE
- 2. DIRECT AND INDIRECT
- 3. PECUNIARY AND NONPECUNIARY LOSSES
- 4. PURE ECONOMIC LOSS
- 5. ACTUAL AND FUTURE DAMAGE (LOST PROFITS)
- 6. OTHER COSTS
- 7. MITIGATION OF DAMAGES
- 8. NOMINAL DAMAGES
- CHAPTER 3. Assessment and Compensation of Damages
- 1. OBJECTIVE VERSUS SUBJECTIVE
- 2. CONCRETE VERSUS ABSTRACT.
- 3. METHODS OF ASSESSING DAMAGES
- 4. EQUITABLE LIMITATION OF DAMAGES
- 5. METHODS OF PAYMENT
- 6. MULTIPLE TORTFEASORS
- I. Joint and Several Liability
- II. Contribution and Indemnification
- III. Allocations of Liability among Joint Tortfeasors
- IV. Settlement of Claims
- CHAPTER 4. Personal Injury and Death
- 1. PECUNIARY LOSSES
- 2. NONPECUNIARY LOSSES
- 3. WRONGFUL DEATH AND SURVIVAL STATUTES
- CHAPTER 5. Various Damages (Property)
- CHAPTER 6. Interference with Collateral Benefits
- 1. INSURANCE
- 2. SOCIAL SECURITY AND MEDICARE
- CHAPTER 7. Other Remedies
- 1. RESTITUTION (FOR UNJUST ENRICHMENT)
- 2. INJUNCTIVE RELIEF
- 3. PUNITIVE DAMAGES
- Selected Bibliography
- Index
- Back Cover.