Academic Journal
Development of a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method for the evaluation of maternal-fetal exposure to cocaine employing human umbilical cord tissue.
| Title: | Development of a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method for the evaluation of maternal-fetal exposure to cocaine employing human umbilical cord tissue. |
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| Authors: | de Paula Meirelles G; Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, 13B, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil., Pereira E Silva J; Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, 13B, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil., Paranhos BAPB; Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, 13B, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil., Yonamine M |
| Source: | Journal of analytical toxicology [J Anal Toxicol] 2024 Jun 11; Vol. 48 (5), pp. 263-272. |
| Abstract: | Illicit drug use is a serious and complex public health problem, not only due to the severity of the health damage but also to the social implications, such as marginalization and drug trafficking. Currently, cocaine (COC) is among the most abused drugs worldwide with about 22 million users. Drug abuse has also been found in women during the pregnancy period, which has shed light on a new group for epidemiology. The diagnosis of COC use in these cases usually depends largely on the mother's reports, which in several cases omit or deny consumption. Therefore, considering physical-chemical methods of sample preparation and exposure biomarkers, the development of analytic toxicological methods can help to confirm drug use during pregnancy. Thus, the objective of the present work was to develop an analytical method based on dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination of COC analytes, using umbilical cord tissue as an alternative biological matrix, and detection by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Therefore, after optimization, the dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method was fully validated for quantification of COC, benzoylecgonine, cocaethylene, ecgonine, ecgonine methyl ester and norcocaine. The limits of detection were between 15 and 25 ng/g, the limits of quantification were 30 ng/g for ecgonine and 25 ng/g for the other analytes. Linearity ranged from the limits of quantification to 1,000 ng/g. Coefficients of variation for intra-assay precision were <18.5%, inter-assay was <8.75% and bias was <16.4% for all controls. The developed method was applied in 10 suspected positive samples, based on the mother's report and maternal urine screening and confirmation. COC, benzoylecgonine, ecgonine and ecgonine methyl ester were quantified in four umbilical cords with concentrations that ranged from 39.6 to 420.5 ng/g. (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site–for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.) |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: Oxford University Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 7705085 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1945-2403 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01464760 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Anal Toxicol Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: 2012- : Oxford : Oxford University Press Original Publication: 1977-<2011>: Niles, Ill., Preston Publications. |
| MeSH Terms: | Liquid Phase Microextraction* , Cocaine*/analogs & derivatives , Cocaine*/analysis , Umbilical Cord*/chemistry , Substance Abuse Detection*/methods , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry* , Maternal-Fetal Exchange*, Humans ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Limit of Detection ; Reproducibility of Results ; Maternal Exposure |
| Comments: | Erratum in: J Anal Toxicol. 2024 Jun 07:bkae047. doi: 10.1093/jat/bkae047. (PMID: 38847205) |
| Substance Nomenclature: | I5Y540LHVR (Cocaine) 5353I8I6YS (benzoylecgonine) Y35FJB3QBJ (ecgonine methyl ester) FJO3071W5Y (cocaethylene) 3SL7BR2M1E (norcocaine) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20240329 Date Completed: 20240611 Latest Revision: 20240611 |
| Update Code: | 20240611 |
| DOI: | 10.1093/jat/bkae025 |
| PMID: | 38551067 |
| ISSN: | 1945-2403 |
| DOI: | 10.1093/jat/bkae025 |
| Database: | MEDLINE |
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