Academic Journal
Non-compliance with smoke-free law in public places: a systematic review and meta-analysis of global studies.
| Title: | Non-compliance with smoke-free law in public places: a systematic review and meta-analysis of global studies. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Daba C; Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia., Atamo A; Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia., Gasheya KA; Department of Occupational Health and Safety, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia., Geto AK; Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Dessie Health Science College, Dessie, Ethiopia., Gebrehiwot M; Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia. |
| Source: | Frontiers in public health [Front Public Health] 2024 Apr 17; Vol. 12, pp. 1354980. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 17 (Print Publication: 2024). |
| Abstract: | Introduction: Non-compliance with smoke-free law is one of the determinants of untimely mortality and morbidity globally. Various studies have been conducted on non-compliance with smoke-free law in public places in different parts of the world; however, the findings are inconclusive and significantly dispersed. Moreover, there is a lack of internationally representative data, which hinders the evaluation of ongoing international activities towards smoke-free law. Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to assess the pooled prevalence of non-compliance with smoke-free law in public places. Methods: International electronic databases, such as PubMed/MEDLINE, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, African Journals Online, HINARI, Semantic Scholar, google and Google Scholar were used to retrieve the relevant articles. The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA) guidelines. The Higgs I 2 statistics were used to determine the heterogeneity of the reviewed articles. The random-effects model with a 95% confidence interval was carried out to estimate the pooled prevalence of non-compliance. Results: A total of 23 articles with 25,573,329 study participants were included in this meta-analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of non-compliance with smoke-free law was 48.02% (95% CI: 33.87-62.17). Extreme heterogeneity was observed among the included studies (I 2 = 100%; p < 0.000). The highest non-compliance with smoke-free law was noted in hotels (59.4%; 95% CI: 10.5-108.3) followed by homes (56.8%; 95% CI: 33.2-80.4), with statistically significant heterogeneity. Conclusion: As the prevalence of non-compliance with smoke-free law is high in public places, it calls for urgent intervention. High non-compliance was found in food and drinking establishments and healthcare facilities. In light of these findings, follow-up of tobacco-free legislation and creating awareness that focused on active smokers particularly in food and drinking establishments is recommended. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2024 Daba, Atamo, Gasheya, Geto and Gebrehiwot.) |
| Publication Type: | Systematic Review; Meta-Analysis; Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: Frontiers Editorial Office Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101616579 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2296-2565 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 22962565 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Front Public Health Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: Lausanne : Frontiers Editorial Office |
| MeSH Terms: | Smoke-Free Policy*/legislation & jurisprudence, Humans ; Global Health/legislation & jurisprudence ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution/legislation & jurisprudence ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution/prevention & control ; Public Facilities/legislation & jurisprudence ; Public Facilities/statistics & numerical data ; Prevalence |
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| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: active smokers; non-compliance; public place; secondhand smoke; smoke-free law |
| Substance Nomenclature: | 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20240502 Date Completed: 20240502 Latest Revision: 20240625 |
| Update Code: | 20240625 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC11061889 |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1354980 |
| PMID: | 38694973 |
| ISSN: | 2296-2565 |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1354980 |
| Database: | MEDLINE |
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